@article {82546,
	title = {Genetic divergence outpaces phenotypic evolution among threespine stickleback populations in old freshwater habitats},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {128},
	number = {2},
	year = {2019},
	note = {The three-spined stickleback is a highly adaptive species, capable of thriving in oceanic, estuarine and freshwater environments. Its abundance and differing life histories make it a good subject for studying the interplay between environment and genetics. In this paper, the authors exhaustively examine the genetic and physiological characteristics of this species. {\textquotedblleft}To address the degree of congruence between genetic and phenotypic divergence, we directly compared Oregon stickleback to much younger (post-glacial) Alaskan populations. We found phenotypic variation in Oregon Stickleback to be primarily partitioned between oceanic and freshwater habitats . . . However, the main axis of genetic divergence was between coastal and inland regions regardless of habitat type{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract).  Interestingly, scattered populations of inland fish retain physical characteristics typical of the oceanic residents.},
	month = {2019, Oct.},
	pages = {p.415{\textendash}434},
	keywords = {Alaska, Columbia River, Coos River Basin, Crooked River, Cushman Slough (Siuslaw), Dean Creek (Umpqua), Deschutes River Basin,, evolution, genetics, geography, Lily Lake (Siuslaw), Luckiamute River Basin, McKenzie River Basin, Millport Slough (Siletz), Molalla River, morphology, Oregon, Page Road (Umpqua), phenology, population biology, Santiam River Basin, Siletz River Basin, Siuslaw River Basin, South Jetty (Siuslaw), Ten Mile Creek Basin, Three-spined stickleback = Gasterosteus aculeatus, Umpqua River Basin, Willamette River Basin},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz106},
	author = {Currey, Mark C. and Bassham, Susan L. and Cresko, William A.}
}
@article {36401,
	title = {Geography of the circadian gene clock and photoperiodic response in western North American  populations of the three-spined stickleback <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>},
	journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {82},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Many animals use the timing of day length to anticipate changes in their environments.  Day length is closely linked to seasonal activities such as reproduction.  This article describes a study of a specific gene, the clock gene, and looked at variations in length of the polyglutamine domain of the clock protein in the three-spined stickleback.   Sticklebacks from widely varying latitudes (northern Alaska and southern Oregon) were examined to see if variations in length of the polyglutamine domain corresponded with different latitudes.  The study found no significant variation in length, and photoperiodic responses were similar in the differing latitudes.. },
	month = {2013, Mar.},
	pages = {p.827{\textendash}839},
	keywords = {circadian clock, Eel Creek, genetics, light, Miner Creek, Prosser Slough (Cushman Slough), reproductive behavior, Siuslaw River, Smith River, Three-spined stickleback = Gasterosteus aculeatus, Umpqua River, Winchester Marsh},
	doi = {doi:10.1111/jfb.12024},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Brien, C. and Unruh, L. and Zimmerman, C. and Bradshaw, W. E. and Holzapfel, C. M. and Cresko, W. A.}
}
@article {25196,
	title = {Assemblages of U.S. west coast estuaries based on the distribution of fishes},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1992},
	note = {The authors analyzed twenty-eight West Coast estuaries regarding whether any of 360 possible fish species were present in those estuaries. Using these results, they grouped the 28 estuaries into six possible classifications.  The Umpqua River (along with Coos Bay) falls into both the Northern Estuarine Group and the Northern Riverine Group. Important species are given.},
	pages = {p.251-267},
	keywords = {Arrow goby = Clevelandia ios, Brown Irish lord = Hemilepdotus spinosus, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum salmon  = Oncorhynchus keta, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Copper rockfish = Sebastes caurinus, cutthroat trout = Oncorhynchus clarki, Eglish sole = Parophrys vetulus, fishes, Northern anchovy = Engraulis mordax, Pacific herring =  Clupea pallasi, Pacific tomcod = Microgadus proximus, Padded sculpin = Artedius fenestralis, Penpoint gunnel = Apodichthys flavidus, redtail surf perch = Amphistichus rhodoterus, Shiner perch = Cymatogaster aggregate Wolf-eel = Amarrhichthys ocellatus, Silverspotted sculpin = Belpsias cirrhosus, Snake prickleback = Lumpenus sagitta, species composition, species list, steelhead trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss, Surf smelt = Hypomesus pretiosis, Three-spined stickleback = Gasterosteus aculeatus, Tube-snout = Aulorhynchus flavidus, Tubenose poacher = Pallasina barbata, Umpqua River, walleye surfperch=Hyperprosopon argenteum},
	author = {Monaco, Mark E. and Lowery, Tony A. and Emmett, Robert L.}
}
@book {24751,
	title = {The seasonal occurrence and distribution of fish in the Umpqua Estuary, April 1977 through January 1986},
	series = {Information Reports (Oregon. Fish Division)},
	number = {86-6},
	year = {1986},
	month = {1986},
	pages = {10 p.},
	publisher = {Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife},
	organization = {Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {catch statistics, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho salmon =  Oncorhynchus kisutch, English sole = Parophrys vetulus, Pacific herring =  Clupea pallasi, Pacific staghorn sculpin = Leptocottus armatus, Scholfield Creek, shiner perch = Cymatogaster aggregata, Smith River, spatial distribution, species composition, species list, speckled sanddab = Citharichthys stigmaeus, Starry flounder = Platichthys stellatus, Surf smelt = Hypomesus pretiosis, temporal distribution, Three-spined stickleback = Gasterosteus aculeatus, Umpqua pikeminnow = Ptychocheilus umpquae, Umpqua River, Umpqua River estuary},
	url = {https://tinyurl.com/2p8ram7p},
	author = {Johnson, John A.}
}
