@book {26681,
	title = {Biological recovery criteria for the Oregon Coast coho salmon evolutionarily significant unit},
	series = {NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC},
	number = {91},
	year = {2008},
	note = {By some metrics such as population persistance or population sustainability, the North Umpqua coho salmon population seems to be in trouble. The authors note that this "raises red flags as to the likelihood of persistence of these populations over the next 100 years..." (p.40)},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {199 p.},
	publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center},
	organization = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center},
	address = {[Seattle, Wa.]},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coos Bay, Coquille River, depleted populations, Floras Lake, Lower Umpqua River, Middle Umpqua River, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca River, North Umpqua River, population biology, population count, Salmon River, Siletz River, Siltcoos Creek, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, South Umpqua River, statistical analysis, Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Tillamook Bay, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/3577},
	author = {Wainwright, Thomas C. and Chilcote, Mark W. and Lawson, Peter W. and Nickelson, Thomas E. and Huntington, Charles W. and Mills, Justin S. and Moore, Kelly M. S. and Reeves, Gordon H. and Stout, Heather A. and Weitkamp, Laurie A.}
}
@article {25491,
	title = {Status review of West Coast steelhead from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California},
	volume = {no.27},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Steelhead in the southern half of the state were doing a little better than northern Oregon steelhead.  Umpqua estuary winter steelhead run trend varied from -0.5\% (North Umpqua) to -0.8\% (South Umpqua) to -1.7\% (Smith River) per year. The North Umpqua summer steelhead run was actually trending upwards (+1\%/year). Although the Smith River receives Alsea River hatchery fish, the Umpqua River is planted only with its own stocks.  The North Umpqua summer steelhead run is a native run -- most other Oregon summer steelhead runs were introduced from the Siletz River.  Authors estimated that from 10-62\% of spawning steelhead in these streams were of hatchery origin.  Hatchery practices (past and present) identified as major threat to genetic integrity for steelhead in this area.},
	pages = {261 p.},
	institution = {National Technical Information Service},
	address = {Springfield, Va.},
	keywords = {depleted populations, endangered species, hatcheries, management plans, North Umpqua River, Smith River, South Umpqua River, steelhead trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss},
	url = {https://www.webapps.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/25/5592_06172004_122523_steelhead.pdf},
	author = {Busby, Peggy J. and Wainwright, Thomas C. and Bryant, Gregory J. and Lierheimer, Lisa J. and Waples, Robin S. and Waknitz, F. William and Lagomarsino, Irma and U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service. Southwest Region. Protected Species Management Division,}
}
@proceedings {25406,
	title = {Summary of biological status review of Umpqua River sea-run cutthroat trout},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Winchester Dam fish counts show, "From 1946 to 1956, an average of 950 adults passed the dam per year. The run declined precipitously in the late 1950s, followed by a sharp increase in the 1960s and early 1970s during the period when natural fish were supplemented with hatchery releases.  In the late 1970s, the run precipitously declined again, and has averaged only 62 adults per year since 1977." (Abstract, p.87)  This species was listed as endangered in August, 1966.},
	pages = {p.87-102},
	publisher = {Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society},
	address = {Reedsport, Oregon},
	keywords = {Alsea Fish Hatchery, Calapooya Creek, Canton Creek, Canyon Creek, Cavitt Creek, climate, Copeland Creek, Cow Creek, Cutthroat trout = Oncorhynchus clarki clarki, dams, depressed populations, Elk Creek, fecundity, Fish Lake, general ecosystem description, genetics, hatcheries, hybridization, hydrology, Lake Creek, Lemolo Lake, life history information, Little River, Lower Umpqua River, Maideu Lake, North Umpqua River, population biology, population count, reproductive behavior, Scholfield Creek, Smith River, South Umpqua River, Steamboat Creek, Sutherlin Creek, Umpqua River Basin, water temperature, Winchester Dam},
	isbn = {0913235997},
	author = {Johnson, Orlay W. and Waples, Robin S. and Wainwright, Thomas C. and Neely, Kathleen G. and Waknitz, F. William and Parker,  L. Ted},
	editor = {Hall, J. D. and Bisson, P. A. and Gresswell, R. E.}
}
@book {25351,
	title = {Status review for Oregon{\textquoteright}s Umpqua River sea-run cutthroat trout},
	series = {NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC},
	number = {15},
	year = {1994},
	note = {"Although the pattern of abundance and tag/recovery data during the period of supplementation indicated that Alsea River hatchery fish returned as adults to Winchester Dam in some numbers, it is apparent that 15 years of hatchery releases did not result in a viable, self-sustaining population of naturally spawning fish. The unresolved issue is, What do the few remaining anadromous O. clarki represent: remnants of the original Umpqua River gene pool, descendants of the Alsea River hatchery fish, or a mixed lineage? The run-timing shift suggested that an indigenous component may remain." (from the Abstract)  This publication discusses the issues surrounding a possible listing of Umpqua River sea-run cutthroat trout.  The species was listed as endangered in August, 1996.},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {122 p.},
	publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service},
	organization = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service},
	address = {Seattle, Wash.},
	keywords = {Alsea Fish Hatchery, Calapooya Creek, Canton Creek, Canyon Creek, Cavitt Creek, Copeland Creek, Cow Creek, Cutthroat trout = Oncorhynchus clarki clarki, Diamond Lake, Elk Creek, endangered species, genetics, hatcheries, history, Lake Creek, Lemolo Lake, life history information, Little River, natural resource management, North Umpqua River, population biology, population count, Rock Creek, salmonid species, Scholfield Creek, Smith River, South Umpqua River, statistics, Steamboat Creek, Sutherlin Creek, Umpqua River, Umpqua River Basin, Winchester Dam},
	url = {https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/6171},
	author = {Johnson, Orlay W. and Waples, Robin S. and Wainwright, Thomas C. and Neely, Kathleen G. and Waknitz, F. William and Parker,  L. Ted}
}
